What is an epiretinal membrane?

An epiretinal membrane is a thin layer of scar tissue that forms on the surface of the macula, the part of the retina responsible for sharp central vision. As the membrane develops and progresses, it can distort the anatomy of the retina, leading to visual changes.

What symptoms does an epiretinal membrane cause?

The most common symptoms include blurred vision and visual distortion (e.g., straight lines appearing wavy). Patients often experience difficulty with tasks like reading and may notice a blurred or dark spot in their central vision. It is linked to macular degeneration.

What causes an epiretinal membrane?

The most common cause is aging, as the vitreous gel in the eye changes over time. Secondary causes can include conditions such as uveitis (inflammation of the eye), retinal tears or detachments, retinal blood blockages, or trauma to the eye.

How is an epiretinal membrane diagnosed?

Epiretinal membranes are typically diagnosed through a clinical eye examination and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) scans, which provide detailed images of the retina.

How is an epiretinal membrane treated?

If the epiretinal membrane causes minimal or no symptoms, it may simply be monitored over time. In more severe cases, where vision is significantly affected, a vitrectomy may be recommended. This surgical procedure, performed under local anaesthesia in a hospital, aims to prevent further vision loss and improve symptoms in approximately 90% of cases. The surgery involves removing the vitreous gel and carefully peeling the epiretinal membrane from the retina using specialized fine instruments through key hole eye surgery.

What is a macular hole?

A macular hole is a circular opening that forms in the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision.

What symptoms does a macular hole cause?

A macular hole typically causes a blurred or blind spot in the center of vision. It may also lead to visual distortion and difficulty with depth perception.

Why do macular holes occur?

Most macular holes develop due to aging, as the vitreous (the gel-like substance inside the eye) naturally separates from the retina. This process can create traction, leading to a small gap at the macula’s most sensitive point. In some cases, macular holes can also be associated with severe nearsightedness (myopia) or eye trauma.

How is a macular hole diagnosed?

Macular holes are diagnosed through a clinical eye examination and optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans, which provide detailed images of the retina.

What is the treatment for a macular hole?

Most full-thickness macular holes do not heal on their own and require vitrectomy surgery. This minimally invasive procedure involves removing the vitreous gel and a thin membrane on the retina’s surface. A gas bubble is then placed inside the eye to help close the hole. The bubble gradually dissolves over approximately two weeks.

After surgery, you will likely need to keep your head in a face-down position for a few days to improve the chances of success. While the gas bubble is present, flying, scuba diving or traveling to high altitudes is not advised.

Macular hole surgery is highly effective, with a success rate of over 95% in most cases. Dr. Weaver may recommend maintaining a face-down position for three-seven days post-surgery, as this is linked to higher closure rates.

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All surgical procedures carry risk. Before proceeding with any operation, always consider obtaining a second opinion from an appropriately qualified health practitioner.